Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to observe the physical and chemical properties of atoms or molecules. The basic principle of NMR is that the nuclei of certain atoms are magnetic and can be affected by a magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, the nuclei will align themselves with the field and spin. The spinning nuclei create a small magnetic field of their own, which can be detected by sensitive instruments.

NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the structure of molecules, to study the dynamics of molecules, and to investigate the chemical environment of atoms or molecules. In addition, NMR spectroscopy can be used to monitor chemical reactions, to study the properties of materials, and to detect impurities in substances.

The most common type of NMR spectroscopy is proton NMR, which is used to study the structure and dynamics of molecules containing hydrogen atoms. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy is also widely used to study organic molecules. Other types of NMR spectroscopy include deuterium NMR, phosphorus-31 NMR, and fluorine-19 NMR.

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for chemists, physicists, and biologists. It is used in a wide variety of fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and materials science.